Sifaat al-Huroof

Al Hams
-Definition: To allow the
passing of breath when 
the letter is pronounced.
The letters :
فحثه شخص سكت

Al Jahr
- Definition: To not allow the
passing of breath when the 
the letter is pronounced.
The letters :
Remainder of the letters

Al Shidda
-Definition: The stopping of
the sound of a letter once it
is pronounced with a 
sukun.
- Its letters:
أجد قط بكت

Al Rikhawa
-Definition: The continuation of
the sound of the letter upon 
pronouncing it when sakin.
- Its letters:
ث ح خ ذ ز س ش ص ض ط غ ف ه و ي

Al Tawasut
This characteristic is a halfway going 
between Al Shiddah and Al Rikhawah.
Its letters:
لن عمر

Al Isti’laa
- Definition: To lower the back of
the tongue and keep it down 
when pronouncing these letters.
The letters :
خص ضغط قظ

Al Istifaal
-Definition: To lower the back of
the tongue and keep it down 
when pronouncing these letters.
The letters :
Remainder of the letters

Al Itbaaq
- Definition: When pronouncing this group of heavy letters on the tongue literally sticks to the upper palate for a short while to further, emphasize its heaviness
Letters:
ظ ط ص ض


Al Infitaah
- Definition: To open the mouth 
slightly and keep the tongue 
down to give the letters a more 
lighter pronunciation.
- Its letters: 
The remainder of the letters

Al Ithlaaq
- Definition: The term relates to ease and fluency of the pronunciation of the letters. 
- Its letters:
ف ر م ن ل ب

Al Ismaat
- Definition: Literally means to prevent or stop. This refers to letters that are not from the letters of Al Ithlaaq.
- Its letters: 
The remainder of the letters

Al Safeer
- Definition: An extra sound that passes from the lips similar to a whistling sound 
when pronouncing these letters when they are sakin.
The letters :
س ز ش

Al Tafashi
- Definition: This refers to the spreading of air when the letter ش is pronounced.
The letters :
ش

Al Istitalah
Definition: This refers to the
elongation of the maharaj of
ض when is it pronounced with 
a sukun. The tongue rolls 
round from the makhraj of ض
to the makhraj of ل.
The letters :
ض

Al Leen
- Definition: recitation of ْو or ْي that come sakin and the letter before it has a fat-hah and the reader stops on the letter after. This has been covered in detail in the section on long vowels.
The letters :
ي + و

Al Inhiraaf
- Definition: When letters incline towards the makhraj of another letter when being pronounced.
The letters :
ل + ر

Al Takreer
- Definition: This refers to therepetition or rolling of the tongue when the letter is pronounced.
The letters :
ر

Al Qalqalah

- Definition: When one of these letters comes with a sukun its sound is echoed.

There are 2 types:-
- Qalqalah Sugrah: when the qalaqalah
occurs in the middle of recitation. The bounce is light.

- Qalaqalah Kubra: when the qalqalah
occurs when one stops reciting. It is a 
more intense qalqalah. The bounce is 
more apparent.
The letters :
قطب جد