Qiraat 

One of the transmitters of the seven canonical Qira'at, or ways of reciting the Qur'an, was Abu Ruwaym Ibn Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Abi Naim al-Laythi (Arabic: )(70-169AH), also known as Nafi al-Madani. His technique of reciting the Qur'an is the most widely used throughout all of Africa outside of Egypt and his chain of narration going back to the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad is well-documented.

Nafi was born in 689 CE, and he passed away in 785 CE. He was born and passed away in Medina, but his family was from Isfahan.

The most popular way to read the Quran in North Africa, West Africa, and Qatar is through his two most well-known pupils, Qalun and Warsh. In addition to Qalun and Warsh, he also transmitted his reading to Isma'il bin Ja'far al-Ansari and Ishaq bin Muhammad al-Musayyabi, making a total of four canonical transmitters of his recitation. Nafi's reading method soon overtook that of his Medina professors due to its popularity.

Ibn Kathir al-Makki, also known as Ab Mabad (or Ab Bakr) ibn Kathr al-Drn al-Makki (665-737 CE [45-120 AH]), was one of the transmitters of the seven canonical Qira'at, or ways of reciting the Qur'an. The people of Mecca typically enjoyed listening to his recitations.

Biography

Al-Makki was a member of the Tabi'un and was born in Mecca. His family immigrated to Yemen and was of Iranian descent. Amr ibn Alkama al-Kinani's mawla ("freedman") was named Al-Makki.

Al-Makki was acquainted with the prophetic companions Anas ibn Malik and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, and he acquired his recitation technique from a disciple of the prophetic companion Abd Allah ibn Abbas, who in turn had learned it from Ubay ibn Ka'b and Zayd ibn Thabit, both of whom had received their training straight from the prophet Muhammad. Al-Shafi'i, the founder of one of Sunni Islam's four main schools of thought, chose to recite the Qur'an using al-Makki's technique.

He passed away in 737 CE. Al-Bazzi and Qunbul were the two main Persian and Meccan carriers of his recitation technique, respectively.

An Arab linguist and Qur'an reciter from Basra, Iraq, Abu Amr bin al-Al al-Basri (689/90-770/71; c.70-154 AH) was also a scholar of Arabic.

His birthplace was Mecca.Ibn al-Al, one of the seven main transmitters of the chain of narration for the Qur'an, is descended from a branch of the Banu Tamim. He established the Arabic grammar school of Basran philology. Although his reading style was influenced by those of Nafi' al-Madani and Ibn Kathir al-Makki, he was equally well known as a grammarian as a reader. He traveled to learn more about the technique at the Kufan school and in Medina in addition to studying it in his homeland of Mecca and Basra.

The Qur'an reciter Al-Duri was also Ibn al-ʻAlāʼs student, and preserved his recitation, passing on his method to Niftawayh and Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri. Ibn al-ʻAlāʼ was a contemporary of many early Muslim notables; he remarked that in his experience, Hasan al-Basri and Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf were the first and second most eloquent and pure speakers of the Arabic language. On his return from a visit to the governor of Syria, Ibn al-ʻAlāʼ experienced a series of fainting fits and died in Kufa in 770CE (154AH). He was buried in that city.

Ibn al-Al was a student of Ibn Abi Ishaq, and among his own students were Harun ibn Musa, Yunus ibn Habib, Al-Asma'i, and Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi. Al-Asma'i claimed that Ibn al-Al provided examples for each of the 1,000 grammatical issues he was asked. Abu Ubaidah, another of his pupils, referred to Ibn al-Al as the most knowledgeable man of all in terms of philology, grammar, Arabic poetry, and the Qur'an. Sibawayhi, an ethnic Persian who is regarded as the founder of Arabic grammar, never saw Abu Amr, although he cites from him 57 times in his Kitab, primarily through Ibn Habib and al-Farahidi.

Ibn Amir, also known as 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amir Ibn Yazid Ibn Tamim Ibn Rabi'ah al-Yahsibi, was one of the seven canonical transmitters of the Qira'at, or ways of reciting the Qur'an (118 AH – 736 CE).

Ibn Amir was the oldest and Al-Kisa'i was the youngest among the seven most illustrious carriers of Qur'anic recitation. Ibn Amir, like Ibn Kathir al-Makki, lived a generation after the primary students who popularized his reciting technique. Hisham ibn Ammar (d. 245AH/859CE) and Ibn Dhakwan (d. 242AH/857CE) were his two most important pupils.

He was from Syria's Damascus. He passed away in the year 736CE, or 118AH, according to certain sources.

According to Islamic tradition, Abu Bakr 'Aasim Ibn Abi al-Najud al-'Asadi (died 745 CE / 127 AH), also known as 'Aasim ibn Abi an-Najud, was one of the seven main transmitters of the Qira'at, or alternative interpretations of the Qur'an. His manner of reciting the Qur'an, as passed down by Hafs, is the most typical and well-liked one in the Muslim community as a whole. He is an Arab by birth.

Despite spending most of his life in Kufa, he was connected to Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah because of a deal. He also taught Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala, another recitation transmitter.

Aasim was from Kufa, although his reading was not at first well-liked there. He rejected the pre-Uthmanic version of the Qur'an penned by Abdullah ibn Masud,
a companion of the Prophet. The majority of reciters in Kufa kept reciting according to that version for a while even after the Uthmanic version was made official. This eventually altered with the mushaf's standardization, and the Muslim world eventually adopted Aasim's reading. across reality, only two of the seven main recitation techniques—Nafi' al-Madani across much of Africa outside of Egypt and Aasim in the remainder of the Muslim world—have gained widespread popularity in the Muslim world.

He died in the year 745 CE, corresponding to the year 127 AH.

Hamzah az-Zaiyyat, also known as Abu 'Imarah Hamzah Ibn Habib al-Zayyat al-Taymi (80-156AH), was one of the seven canonical transmitters of the Qira'at, or ways of reciting the Qur'an.He was given the name "az-Zaiyyat" because he once delivered natural oils to Hulwan before returning with cheese and walnuts to Kufa.

In his hometown of Kufa, a historic city, one of the three favored recitation styles was his. Al-A'mash had taught Az-Zaiyyat how to recite the Qur'an, and al-Kisa'i was one of his pupils. Khalaf al-Bazzar and Khallad were the two main disciples who upheld and disseminated his methodology.Az-Zaiyyat was not without detractors; Ahmad ibn Hanbal detested several aspects of his reading bitterly, and Shu'bah, a fellow reciter, thought that his style of reading constituted bid'ah.

Az-Zaiyyat was well-known for reading the Qur'an and for being an expert on Arabic grammar and linguistics. His work in the latter two disciplines, however, went mostly unnoticed, and Basra's residents in particular disapproved of his manner and claimed that he made grammatical mistakes.

He died in the year 772CE/156AH at the age of 76 in Hulwan.

Al-Kisā'ī (الكسائي) Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn 'Uthman (أبو الحسن على بن حمزة بن عبد الله بن عثمان), called Bahman ibn Fīrūz (بهمن بن فيروز), surnamed Abū 'Abd Allāh (أبو عبد الله), and Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah (d. ca. 804 or 812) was preceptor to the sons of caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd and one of the 'Seven Readers' (seven canonical Qira'at) or 'authorized' Qur'ānic reader. He established the Kufi school of Arabic grammar, a rival philology institution to Sibawayh's Basri institution.
His Life

He learnt grammar from al-Ru's [n 2] and a group of other experts. He was a Persilearnedan born in al-Kfah. Al-Kis' is claimed to have adopted this name from the specific type of cloak he wore, known as al-Kis

In order to serve as a tutor for the two princes, al-Ma'mun and al-Amun, al-Kis' entered the court of the Abbsid caliph Hrn al-Rashd in Baghdad. Ab al-ayyib's written claim that Al-Rashd regarded him in the greatest regard is related by his early biographer Al-Nadim. Al-Kis' relocated to al-Rayy, the capital of Khursn, when the caliph transferred the court there, but he later fell ill and passed away.

Abu Ja'far al-Madani (Arabic: ), who personally transmitted one of the Ten qira'at, was a prominent figure in the transmission of the Qira'at, the many linguistic, lexical, phonetic, morphological, and syntactical forms permissible with reciting the Quran.

Early life and name
On Abu Ja'far's birth name, there is disagreement. While some claim his name was Jundub ibn Fairuz, the majority of people believe that he was Yazid ibn al-Qa'qa. In 655 CE, he was born in Medina.[2]

On the authority of Abu Hurayra and Ibn Abbas, on the authority of Ubayy ibn Ka'b, and on the authority of the Prophet Muhammad, Qira'at Abu Ja'far received his qira'a. He has two transmitters for his qira'a:Ibn Jammaz and Ibn Wirdan

Fiqh and Hadith
He was not a well-known broadcaster of the Hadith, despite the fact that Malik ibn Anas recounted from him a few times and Ibn Hatim classified him as a trustworthy transmitter, in contrast to his well-known qira'a. Additionally, he was a Faqih who gave fatwas in Medina.

Death
A.J. passed away in 748 CE. When ritualistic ghusl was carried out on his body, it is reported that "they looked at what's between his throat and his heart; it was like a page of the mushaf, and no one thought it wasn't the light of the Quran.

Abu Muhammad Yaqoob bin Ishaq bin Zayd bin Abdullah bin Ishaq Al-Hadrami.  أبو محمد يعقوب بن زيد بن عبد الله بن أبي إسحاق الحضرمي

One of the 10 primary reciters of the ten qira'aat and the leader of the Qur'an reciters in Basrah was Ya'qoob.  He began his recitation by reading the entire Qur'an aloud to Salaam At-Taweel, Mahdee bin Maymoon, Abee Al-Ash-hab Al-Mutaaridee, Shihaab bin Sharanfah, and other people.  He claimed that Muhammed bin Zareeq Al-Kufee told him the Imam 'Aasim manner, and he heard alternative ways from al-Kisaa'ee and Muhammed at-Taweel about the idghaam (kabeer) of Abee 'Amr.  Imam Hamzah also spoke to him in a variety of ways.  Given that Abu 'Amr passed away when Ya'qoob was 33 years old, Ibn Al-Munaadee said that Ya'qoob read straight to him.

Ya'qoob claimed that after reciting to Salaam for an 18-month period, he finished reciting to Shihaab bin Sharnafah in just five days.  In nine days, Musslamah recited Shihab to Muslimah bin Muhaarib Al-Muhaarbee, and Abee Al-Aswad Ad-Daa'iee to Imam Ali, may Allah be pleased with him.  Ya'qoob had a deep understanding of the Arabic language, several forms of qira'aat, and the Qur'an.  At the age of 88, he passed away in the month of Dhul Hijjah in the year 205 H.  May Allah show him mercy. 

Yaqoob's two Rawee are:

Ruwais

Rawh رَوْح

The tenth and last genuine (mutawaatir) method of recitation is called Khalaf.

Khalaf is Abu Muhammed bin Hishaam bin Tha'lab Al-Baghdadi, also known as Khalaf.  هو خلف أبو محمد خلف بن هشام بن ثعلب البزار He is the same Khalaf who recites Hamzah as a raawee.  He was born 150 years ago, and at the early age of 10, he had memorized the Qur'an.  When he was 13 years old, he began studying with recitation experts.

He was a highly dependable, austere, and wise servant.  He allegedly struggled to remember a grammar chapter so he donated 80,000 dirham to charity till he did. Call me Al-Muqri (reciter), he requested, as he did not like the name Al-Bazzaar.   

He learned how to recite by giving the entire Qur'an to Sulaim bin 'Eesaa and Abdulrahman bin Abee Hammaad, both of whom received their instruction straight from Hamzah.

There are two ways to recite the Khalaf:

Is-haaq He goes by the name Ishaaq bin Ibrahim bin 'Uthmaan bin Abdullah Al-Maruzee before becoming Al-Baghdaadi. He passed away after 280 hours.

Idrees Idrees bin Abdul-Kareem Al-Baghdaadi Al-Hadaad is who he is.  On the day of Al-Adha 292h, he passed away.